Emergency Remote Teaching in Response to the COVID-19 Outbreak: Pedagogical Adjustments of Community College ESL Lecturers in Hong Kong

Authors

  • Wenli Wu Hong Kong Polytechnic University
  • Huiwen Shi Hong Kong Polytechnic University

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.56498/73122021

Keywords:

COVID-19, emergency remote teaching (ERT), ESL, pedagogical adjustment

Abstract

The COVID-19 pandemic has prompted the education sector to explore dramatically different teaching modes. This article is a study of emergency remote teaching (ERT) in a community college in Hong Kong. It investigates the challenges that a cohort of 50 ESL lecturers encountered and the strategic responses they adopted in relation to ERT. Documents such as the college newsletter, post-teaching reports and meeting records were used to analyze the language teachers’ context of adjustment, and one-on-one interviews were conducted with four participants from the cohort to explore their firsthand experiences. The analysis revealed the variety of challenges that the participants faced, including the development of technological skills, the preparation of online materials, the implementation of online assessment and marking, as well as interaction with students. In response to these challenges, the participants adopted diverse strategies to achieve pedagogical development in facilitating their teaching practices with students in synchronic online teaching. This article argues that language educators need to develop technological and online interactional competencies so that new pedagogical activities can be developed to enhance students’ learning. In addition, training sessions should be provided to support their pedagogical adaptation and development of new skills. Accordingly, it concludes that adjustment requires both individual and institutional investments.

Author Biographies

Wenli Wu, Hong Kong Polytechnic University

Dr. Wenli Wu is currently a lecturer of bilingual communication. She received her PhD in Education from the Institute of Education, University of Warwick, England. Her current research interests include cross-cultural and intercultural communication, English for academic studies and using new technology in teaching and learning.

Huiwen Shi, Hong Kong Polytechnic University

Dr. Huiwen Shi is currently a lecturer of bilingual communication. Huiwen completed her PhD in the School of English at the University of Hong Kong. Her research on contemporary poetry won her the outstanding research student award in 2019. Her current research interests lie in contemporary poetics, life writing, service learning and English language pedagogy.

References

Affouneh, S., Salha, S., & Khlaif, Z. N. (2020). Designing quality e-learning environments for emergency remote teaching in Coronavirus crisis. Interdisciplinary Journal of Virtual Learning in Medical Sciences, 11(2), 1-3.

Al-Khresheh, M. H. (2021). Reconceptualising the elements of effective English language teaching through the lens of pandemic induced online teaching: An exploratory study of Jordanian EFL teachers’ perceptions. The Asian ELF Journal, 28(2.3), 61-97.

Alolaywi, Y. (2021). Learning in crisis: An investigation of Saudi EFL learners’ perceptoins of e-learning during the COVID-19 pandemic. Asian ELF Journal, 28(2.3), 98-119.

Amarullah, A., & Imaniah, I. (2020). Critical analysis of university students' need: The role of the university on language learning in digital age. Asian EFL Journal, 27(5.2), 238-251.

Anderson, L. (1994). A new look at an old construct: cross-cultural adaptation. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 18(3), 293-328.

Birt, L., Scott, S., Cavers., D, Campbell, C., & Walter, F. (2016). Member checking: A tool to enhance trustworthiness or merely a nod to validation? Qualitative Health Research, 26(13), 1802-1811. doi:10.1177/1049732316654870

Bond, M. (2020). Schools and emergency remote education during the COVID-19 pandemic: A living rapid systematic review. Asian Journal of Distance Education, 15(2), 191-247. doi: 10.5281/zenodo.4425683

Bozkurt, A., & Sharma, R. C. (2020). Emergency remote teaching in a time of global crisis due to Coronavirus pandemic. Asian Journal of Distance Education, 15(1), i–vi.

Britannica Academic. (2021). Adjustment. Retrieved from https://academic.eb.com/levels/collegiate/article/adjustment/486

Chan, H. H. (2020, March 16). Coronavirus: Hong Kong students adapt to online learning amid class suspension over pandemic. South China Morning Post. Retrieved from https://www.scmp.com/news/hongkong/education/article/3075280/coronaviru-hong-kong-students-adapt-online-learning-amid

Cheung, A. (2021). Language teaching during a pandemic: A case study of Zoom use by a secondary ESL teacher in Hong Kong. RELC Journal. doi:10.1177/0033688220981784

Cheng, C. (2021). 2891 graduates pursue degrees while articulation rate hits historic high of 90.5%. HKCC Newsletter, 45, 1.

Cohen, L., Manion, L., & Morrison, K. (2011). Research methods in education (7th ed.). London: Routledge.

Cooper W. G. (1958). Adjustment - Through ways of teaching. ASCD Yearbook. Retrieved from http://www.ascd.org/ASCD/pdf/journals/ed_lead/el_195811_cooper.pdf

Creswell, J. W. (2012). Educational research: Planning, conducting, and evaluating quantitative and qualitative research (4th ed.). Boston, MA: Pearson.

Dornyei, Z., & Ushioda, E. (2011). Teaching and researching motivation (2nd ed.). Harlow, New York: Longman.

Egbert, J. (2020). The new normal?: A pandemic of task engagement in language learning. Foreign Language Annuals, 53(2), 314-319. doi:10.1111/flan.12452

Engestrom, Y. (1987). Learning by expanding: An activity theoretical approach to developmental research. Helsinki, Finland: Orienta-Konsultit.

French, J. R. P., Rodgers, Jr. W., & Cobb, S. (1974). Adjustment as person- environment fit. In G.V. Coelho, D. A. Hamhurg & J. E. Adams (Eds.). Coping and adaptation (pp. 316-399). New York: Basic Books.

Han, J., & Yin, H. (2016). Teacher motivation: Definition, research development and implications for teachers. Cogent Education, 3(1). doi: 10.1080/2331186X.2016.1217819

Hazaea, A., Bin-Hady, W. R., & Toujani, M. M. (2021). Emergency remote English language teaching in the Arab league countries: Challenges and remedies. Computer-Assisted Language Learning Electronic Journal, 22(1), 201-222.

Hodges, C., Moore, S., Lockee, B., Trust, T., & Bond, A. (2020, March 27). The difference between ERT and online teaching. Educause Review. Retrieved from https://er.educause.edu/articles/2020/3/the-difference-between-emergency-remote-teaching-and-online-learning

Huang, M., Shi, Y., & Yang, X. (2020). Emergency remote teaching of English as a foreign language during COVID-19: Perspectives from a university in China. IJERI: International Journal of Educational Research and Innovation, 15, 400-418. doi :10.46661/ijeri.5351

Kohnke, L., & Moorhouse, B.L. (2020). Facilitating synchronous online language learning through zoom. RELC Journal. doi: 10.1177/0033688220937235

Lave, J., & Wenger, E. (1991). Situated learning: Legitimate peripheral participation. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Lo, O. T, & Ip, T. (2021). How does the psychological well-being (PWB) in the first year of college studies predict community college students’ academic performance in Hong Kong? Community College Journal of Research and Practice, Advance online publication. doi: 10.1080/10668926.2021.1882357

Lynch, E. W. (1992). Developing cross-cultural competence. In E. W. Lynch. & M.J. Hanson (Eds.). Developing cross-cultural competence: A guide for working with young children and their families (pp. 35-62). Baltimore: Paul H. Brooks Publishing Co. Inc.

Ma, Q. (2017). A multi-case study of university students’ language-learning experience mediated by mobile technologies: A socio-cultural perspective. Computer Assisted Language Learning, 30(3-4), 183-203.

Merriam, S. B., & Tisdell, E. J. (2015). Qualitative research: A guide to design and implementation. Retrieved from https://ebookcentral-proquest-com.libproxy.cpce-polyu.edu.hk

Moorhouse, B. L. (2020). Adaptations to a face-to-face initial teacher education course ‘forced’ online due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Journal of Education for Teaching, 46(4), 609-611.

Moorhouse, B., & Beaumont, A.M. (2020). Utilizing video conferencing software to teach young language learners in Hong Kong during the COVID-19 class suspensions. TESOL Journal, 11(3). doi: 10.1002/tesj.545

Moorhouse, B. L., Li, Y., & Walsh, S. (2021). E-classroom interactional competencies: Mediating and assisting language learning during synchronous online lessons. RELC Journal, Advance online publication. doi:10.1177/0033688220985274

NSW Department of Education. (2020). Adjustment to teaching and learning. Retrieved from https://education.nsw.gov.au/teaching-and-learning/disability-learning-and-support/personalised-support-for-learning/adjustments-to-teaching-and-learning#How1

Pao, J. (2020, February 21). Online learning flourishes in HK, Macau amid virus. Asia Times. Retrieved from https://asiatimes.com/2020/02/online-learning-flourishes-in-hk-macau-amid-virus/

Peachey, N. (2017). Synchronous online teaching. In M. Carrier, R. M. Damerow, & K. M. Bailey (Eds.). Digital language learning and teaching: Research, theory, and practice (pp. 153-155). New York: Routledge.

Rehn, N., Maor, D., & McConney, A. (2018). The specific skills required of teachers who deliver K-12 distance education courses by synchronous videoconference: Implications for training and professional development. Technology, Pedagogy and Education, 27(4), 417-429.

Schwartz, S. J., Unger, J. B., Zamboanga, B. L., & Szapocznik, J. (2010). Rethinking the concept of acculturation: Implications for theory and research. American Psychologist, 65(4), 237-251.

Searle, W., & Ward, C. (1990). The prediction of psychological and sociocultural adjustment during cross-cultural transitions. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 14(4), 449-464.

Siripol, P., & Wilang, J. D. (2021). Demotivation and coping strategies in synchronous online teaching. The Asian ELF Journal, 28(2.2), 7-23.

Spencer-Oatey, H., & Xiong, Z. (2006). Chinese students’ psychological and sociocultural adjustments to Britain: An empirical study. Language, Culture and Curriculum, 19(1), 37-53.

Sun, L., Tang, Y., & Zuo, W. (2020). Coronavirus pushes education online. Nature

Materials, 19(6), 687-687. doi:10.1038/s41563-020-0678-8

Tam, G., & El-Azar, D. (2020). 3 ways the coronavirus pandemic could reshape education. Retrieved from https://www.weforum.org/agenda

Ward, C., & Kennedy, A. (1994). Acculturation strategies, psychological adjustment, and socio-cultural competence during cross-cultural transitions. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 18(3), 329-343.

Wilkins, D.A. (1999). Second language teaching. In B. Spolsky (Ed.), The concise encyclopedia of educational linguistics (pp. 656-658). Oxford: Pergamon Press.

Wong, K. M., & Moorhouse, B. (2020). The impact of social uncertainty, protests, and COVID-19 on Hong Kong Teachers. Journal of Loss and Trauma, 25(3). doi: 10.1080/15325024.2020.1776523

Xie, K., Heddy, B., & Vongkulluksn, V. (2019). Examining learning engagement in context: The opportunities and challenges of mobile technology in experience-sampling method. Contemporary Educational Psychology, 59, 101788. doi: 10.1016/j.cedpsych.2019.101788

Yang, R., Noels, K., & Saumure, K. (2006). Multiple routes to cross-cultural adaptation for international students: Mapping the paths between self-construals, English language confidence, and adjustment. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 30(4), 487-506.

Yu, B. (2021). Research note: The role of willingness to communicate in cross-cultural adaptation. Intercultural Education, 32(2), 246-257. doi:10.1080/14675986.2021.1857115

Downloads

Published

2021-08-22

How to Cite

Wenli Wu, & Huiwen Shi. (2021). Emergency Remote Teaching in Response to the COVID-19 Outbreak: Pedagogical Adjustments of Community College ESL Lecturers in Hong Kong. English As a Foreign Language International Journal, 1(2), 119–140. https://doi.org/10.56498/73122021

Issue

Section

Articles